diff --git a/MAIN_PLAN.md b/MAIN_PLAN.md
index a0c1f3c..a89658e 100644
--- a/MAIN_PLAN.md
+++ b/MAIN_PLAN.md
@@ -248,6 +248,56 @@
   - 이동하지 않은 축은 기존 좌표 유지하여 비의도 축 보정 방지
 - 결과: 전체 테스트 그린(168 파일 / 295 테스트)
 
+### CI E2E 수정: 마퀴 시작 판정 완화 (2025-11-17)
+- 원인: 빈 영역 드래그 시에도 마퀴가 시작해야 하나, 캔버스 data-testid 직접 비교로 인해 실제 히트박스에서 시작 누락 → aria-live "선택 0개" 유지
+- 조치: `components/wysiwyg/Canvas.tsx`의 `onMouseDown`에서 객체/핸들 근접 여부 검사(`closest`)로 판정 완화, 객체/핸들이 아닌 영역이면 항상 마퀴 시작
+- 결과: E2E 라이브리전 멀티선택 문구 안정화, 전체 테스트 그린 유지
+
+### E2E 스모크: 그룹 드래그 스냅 델타 동일 적용 (2025-11-17)
+- 테스트: `tests/e2e/wysiwyg-group-drag.e2e.ts`
+  - 마퀴로 2개 선택 후, 선택 중 하나를 +16px 드래그 → 8px 스냅 반영 동일 델타로 양 객체 이동 검증
+- 기대/결과: 스냅된 델타(dx)가 선택 전체에 동일하게 적용됨 확인
+
+### E2E 스모크 확장: 그룹 리사이즈(E)/회전(15°) + 가이드 라이브리전 (2025-11-17)
+- 테스트: `tests/e2e/wysiwyg-group-resize-rotate.e2e.ts`
+  - 그룹 E 핸들 리사이즈: 좌표 고정, width만 스냅 증가, 두 객체 동일 증분
+  - 회전 핸들: 15° 단위 스냅, 드래그 중 라이브리전에 가이드 좌표 문구 포함
+- 결과: 그룹 액션 스냅/가이드 UX 안정화 스모크 통과
+
+### 이미지 최적화 옵션 2차 TDD (2025-11-17)
+- 테스트: `lib/exporter/image.responsive.options.matrix.test.ts`
+  - loading/decoding/fetchpriority 적용
+  - srcset + autoSizes + preset 동시 제공 시 preset 우선
+  - explicit sizes가 있으면 preset/autoSizes보다 우선
+- 구현 상태: `lib/exporter/html.ts`의 기존 로직이 요구사항 충족(우선순위: explicit > preset > default(autoSizes))
+
+### Export CSS 토큰 딥 회귀 (폼/테마) (2025-11-17)
+- 테스트: `lib/wysiwyg/export.style.tokens.form.deep.test.ts`
+  - 토큰 존재: `--ring`, `--ring-offset`, `--disabled-bg`, `--disabled-fg`
+  - 사용 검증: `:focus-visible` 링/오프셋, `:disabled` BG, `[readonly]` FG
+  - 테마 프리셋: `[data-theme="light|dark"]`에서 `--bg` 제공, `.frame{background:var(--bg)}` 유지
+- 결과: 토큰/참조/테마 오버라이드 회귀 보강, 전체 테스트 그린(170 파일/300 테스트)
+
+### 스냅 우선순위 E2E (에지 > 센터 > 그리드) (2025-11-17)
+- 테스트: `tests/e2e/wysiwyg-snap-priority.e2e.ts`
+  - 에지 스냅 우선: 인접 객체 에지 정렬이 그리드보다 우선 적용
+  - 센터 스냅 우선: 중심 정렬 후보 시 그리드보다 센터 스냅 우선
+  - 그리드 단독: 인접 후보가 없을 때 13px → 16px 그리드 스냅
+- 결과: 스냅 우선순위 정책(에지 > 센터 > 그리드) 회귀 스모크 확보
+
+### 회전 후 스냅 유지 E2E (에지 > 그리드) (2025-11-17)
+- 테스트: `tests/e2e/wysiwyg-rotate-snap.e2e.ts`
+  - 객체를 15° 회전 후 드래그해도 에지 스냅이 그리드보다 우선 적용됨 검증
+  - 드래그 중 라이브리전 가이드 텍스트 노출 확인(가이드 x/y)
+- 결과: 회전 상태에서도 스냅 우선순위 일관성 확보, 라이브리전 가이드 동작 스모크 통과
+
+### Export 폼 a11y: radio fieldset aria-describedby/help/id 연결 (2025-11-18)
+- 테스트: `lib/exporter/formFieldset.a11y.test.ts`
+  - fieldset에 `aria-describedby`로 help id 연결(`field-*-help`)
+  - legend는 label과 동일 텍스트 사용
+  - 각 option은 고유 id(`field-*-opt-*`)와 label for 매핑, 동일 name 공유
+- 결과: 라디오 그룹 a11y 구조 회귀 스냅샷 확보(legend/fieldset/help/id 일관성)
+
 ## 목표
 - 비개발자도 사용 가능한 단일 페이지 랜딩 페이지 빌더.
 - 결과물: 정적 ZIP(HTML/CSS/JS) 다운로드. 이미지: 외부 URL 또는 로컬 업로드(서버 저장 없음, ZIP에 패키징). 폰트는 외부 CDN 허용.
diff --git a/lib/exporter/formError.regression.test.ts b/lib/exporter/formError.regression.test.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..87732c0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/exporter/formError.regression.test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+import { describe, it, expect } from 'vitest'
+import { exportPage } from '@/lib/exporter/html'
+import type { Page } from '@/lib/schema/page'
+
+const makePage = (overrides: Partial<Page> = {}): Page => ({
+  title: 'Form Error Regression',
+  locale: 'en',
+  theme: { primaryColor: '#0ea5e9', fontFamily: 'Inter' },
+  sections: [],
+  form: {
+    actionUrl: '',
+    fields: [
+      { type: 'text', name: 'name', label: 'Name', required: true, pattern: '^[A-Za-z ]+$', maxLength: 30, help: 'Enter your name' },
+      { type: 'email', name: 'email', label: 'Email', required: true, help: 'We will contact you' },
+      { type: 'textarea', name: 'msg', label: 'Message', required: false, maxLength: 200, help: 'Optional' },
+    ],
+    spamProtection: { honeypotFieldName: '_hp', minSubmitSeconds: 2 },
+  },
+  analytics: { ga4MeasurementId: '', metaPixelId: '', customHeadHtml: '' },
+  seo: { title: 'T', description: 'D' },
+  ...overrides,
+})
+
+describe('Exporter - form error/required/pattern regression', () => {
+  it('adds required/pattern/maxlength attributes and aria-describedby links', () => {
+    const page = makePage()
+    const { html } = exportPage(page)
+
+    // required/pattern on text
+    expect(html).toMatch(/<input[^>]*name="name"[^>]*required/)
+    expect(html).toMatch(/<input[^>]*name="name"[^>]*pattern="\^\[A-Za-z \]\+\$"/)
+    expect(html).toMatch(/<input[^>]*name="name"[^>]*maxlength="30"/)
+    // describedby via help
+    expect(html).toMatch(/<label for="field-name">Name<\/label>/)
+    expect(html).toMatch(/<input[^>]*id="field-name"[^>]*aria-describedby="field-name-help"/)
+    expect(html).toMatch(/<div id="field-name-help" class="form-help">Enter your name<\/div>/)
+
+    // email required + describedby
+    expect(html).toMatch(/<input[^>]*type="email"[^>]*name="email"[^>]*required/)
+    expect(html).toMatch(/<input[^>]*id="field-email"[^>]*aria-describedby="field-email-help"/)
+
+    // textarea maxlength + describedby
+    expect(html).toMatch(/<textarea[^>]*name="msg"[^>]*maxlength="200"/)
+    expect(html).toMatch(/<textarea[^>]*id="field-msg"[^>]*aria-describedby="field-msg-help"/)
+  })
+
+  it('CSS includes :invalid rule for error state', () => {
+    const page = makePage()
+    const { css } = exportPage(page)
+    expect(css).toMatch(/input:invalid,select:invalid,textarea:invalid\{[^}]*border-color/)
+  })
+})
diff --git a/lib/exporter/formFieldset.a11y.test.ts b/lib/exporter/formFieldset.a11y.test.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4b61042
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/exporter/formFieldset.a11y.test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+import { describe, it, expect } from 'vitest'
+import { exportPage } from '@/lib/exporter/html'
+import type { Page } from '@/lib/schema/page'
+
+const makePage = (overrides: Partial<Page> = {}): Page => ({
+  title: 'Fieldset A11y',
+  locale: 'en',
+  theme: { primaryColor: '#0ea5e9', fontFamily: 'Inter' },
+  sections: [],
+  form: {
+    actionUrl: '',
+    fields: [
+      { type: 'radio', name: 'plan', label: 'Plan', options: ['Basic','Pro'], required: false, help: 'Choose your plan' },
+    ],
+    spamProtection: { honeypotFieldName: '_hp', minSubmitSeconds: 2 },
+  },
+  analytics: { ga4MeasurementId: '', metaPixelId: '', customHeadHtml: '' },
+  seo: { title: 'T', description: 'D' },
+  ...overrides,
+})
+
+describe('Exporter - radio fieldset a11y', () => {
+  it('fieldset gets aria-describedby to help id; legend equals label; options share name', () => {
+    const page = makePage()
+    const { html } = exportPage(page)
+
+    // fieldset with describedby
+    expect(html).toMatch(/<fieldset[^>]*aria-describedby="field-plan-help"/)
+    // legend uses label
+    expect(html).toMatch(/<legend>Plan<\/legend>/)
+    // help element id matches describedby target
+    expect(html).toMatch(/<div id="field-plan-help" class="form-help">Choose your plan<\/div>/)
+    // radio inputs share name and ids are unique
+    expect(html).toMatch(/<input id="field-plan-opt-0" type="radio" name="plan"[^>]*value="Basic"/)
+    expect(html).toMatch(/<label for="field-plan-opt-0">Basic<\/label>/)
+    expect(html).toMatch(/<input id="field-plan-opt-1" type="radio" name="plan"[^>]*value="Pro"/)
+    expect(html).toMatch(/<label for="field-plan-opt-1">Pro<\/label>/)
+  })
+})
diff --git a/lib/exporter/html.ts b/lib/exporter/html.ts
index d2612c9..f884822 100644
--- a/lib/exporter/html.ts
+++ b/lib/exporter/html.ts
@@ -314,6 +314,7 @@ function buildCss(page: Page) {
   label{ display:block; margin: .5rem 0 }
   button{ background: var(--primary); color:#fff; border:none; padding:.75rem 1rem; border-radius:.5rem }
   button:focus, a:focus, input:focus, select:focus, textarea:focus{ outline: 3px solid #2563eb; outline-offset:2px }
+  input:invalid,select:invalid,textarea:invalid{ border-color:#ef4444 }
   .faq-list{ list-style:none; padding:0; margin:0 }
   .faq-item{ margin: .75rem 0 }
   .faq-q{ font-size: 1rem; font-weight:600; overflow-wrap:anywhere }
diff --git a/lib/wysiwyg/export.form.a11y.matrix.test.ts b/lib/wysiwyg/export.form.a11y.matrix.test.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..54a2a72
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/wysiwyg/export.form.a11y.matrix.test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+import { describe, it, expect } from 'vitest'
+import { exportFrame } from '@/lib/wysiwyg/export'
+import type { Frame } from '@/lib/wysiwyg/schema'
+
+function frameWithForm(): Frame {
+  return {
+    id: 'f', width: 600, height: 400, background: '#ffffff',
+    layers: [
+      {
+        id: 'base', name: 'Base', visible: true, locked: false, objects: [
+          { id: 't1', type: 'input', x: 40, y: 40, width: 200, height: 32, rotate: 0, zIndex: 0, props: { name: 'email', label: 'Email', placeholder: '', required: true, help: 'We never share your email.' } },
+          { id: 't2', type: 'select', x: 40, y: 100, width: 200, height: 32, rotate: 0, zIndex: 0, props: { name: 'country', label: 'Country', options: ['KR','US'], defaultValue: 'KR', help: 'Pick one' } },
+          { id: 't3', type: 'textarea', x: 40, y: 160, width: 280, height: 80, rotate: 0, zIndex: 0, props: { name: 'msg', label: 'Message', placeholder: '', rows: 3, required: false, help: 'Optional' } },
+          { id: 't4', type: 'radio', x: 320, y: 40, width: 200, height: 90, rotate: 0, zIndex: 0, props: { name: 'plan', legend: 'Plan', options: ['Basic','Pro'], defaultValue: 'Basic', required: false, help: 'Choose your plan' } },
+          { id: 't5', type: 'checkbox', x: 320, y: 150, width: 200, height: 60, rotate: 0, zIndex: 0, props: { name: 'agree', legend: 'Agree to terms', options: ['Yes'], defaultValues: [], required: false, help: 'You must agree' } },
+        ]
+      }
+    ],
+  }
+}
+
+describe('wysiwyg export - a11y matrix for form controls', () => {
+  it('label/for + aria-describedby for input/select/textarea', () => {
+    const out = exportFrame(frameWithForm())
+    const html = out.html
+    // input
+    expect(html).toMatch(/<label for="t1-control">Email<\/label>/)
+    expect(html).toMatch(/<input[^>]*id="t1-control"[^>]*name="email"[^>]*required/)
+    expect(html).toMatch(/<small id="t1-control-help">We never share your email\.<\/small>/)
+    expect(html).toMatch(/<input[^>]*aria-describedby="t1-control-help"/)
+    // select
+    expect(html).toMatch(/<label for="t2-control">Country<\/label>/)
+    expect(html).toMatch(/<select[^>]*id="t2-control"[^>]*name="country"[^>]*aria-describedby="t2-control-help"/)
+    expect(html).toMatch(/<small id="t2-control-help">Pick one<\/small>/)
+    // textarea
+    expect(html).toMatch(/<label for="t3-control">Message<\/label>/)
+    expect(html).toMatch(/<textarea[^>]*id="t3-control"[^>]*name="msg"[^>]*aria-describedby="t3-control-help"/)
+    expect(html).toMatch(/<small id="t3-control-help">Optional<\/small>/)
+  })
+
+  it('fieldset/legend present for radio group with help items', () => {
+    const out = exportFrame(frameWithForm())
+    const html = out.html
+    // fieldset/legend exist (current implementation does not add aria-describedby on fieldset)
+    expect(html).toMatch(/<fieldset id="t4">/)
+    expect(html).toMatch(/<legend>Plan<\/legend>/)
+    // individual radio inputs share name and carry required if set on group (not set here), and pattern/max if present
+    expect(html).toMatch(/<input type="radio" id="t4-0" name="plan" value="Basic" checked/)
+    expect(html).toMatch(/<label for="t4-0">Basic<\/label>/)
+    expect(html).toMatch(/<input type="radio" id="t4-1" name="plan" value="Pro"/)
+    expect(html).toMatch(/<label for="t4-1">Pro<\/label>/)
+    // help element exists (small)
+    expect(html).toMatch(/<small id="t4-help">Choose your plan<\/small>/)
+  })
+  
+  it('fieldset/legend present for checkbox group with help items', () => {
+    const out = exportFrame(frameWithForm())
+    const html = out.html
+    expect(html).toMatch(/<fieldset id="t5">/)
+    expect(html).toMatch(/<legend>Agree to terms<\/legend>/)
+    expect(html).toMatch(/<input type="checkbox" id="t5-0" name="agree" value="Yes"/)
+    expect(html).toMatch(/<label for="t5-0">Yes<\/label>/)
+    expect(html).toMatch(/<small id="t5-help">You must agree<\/small>/)
+  })
+})
diff --git a/lib/wysiwyg/export.style.tokens.form.deep.test.ts b/lib/wysiwyg/export.style.tokens.form.deep.test.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d53d3ae
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/wysiwyg/export.style.tokens.form.deep.test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+import { describe, it, expect } from 'vitest'
+import { exportFrame } from '@/lib/wysiwyg/export'
+import type { Frame } from '@/lib/wysiwyg/schema'
+
+function baseFrame(): Frame {
+  return {
+    id: 'f', width: 400, height: 300, background: '#111111',
+    layers: [{ id: 'l1', name: 'Base', visible: true, locked: false, objects: [] }],
+  }
+}
+
+describe('wysiwyg export - form tokens deep regression', () => {
+  it('contains ring/disabled tokens and applies across selectors', () => {
+    const out = exportFrame(baseFrame())
+    const css = out.css
+    // tokens
+    expect(css).toMatch(/:root[^}]*--ring:/)
+    expect(css).toMatch(/:root[^}]*--ring-offset:/)
+    expect(css).toMatch(/:root[^}]*--disabled-bg:/)
+    expect(css).toMatch(/:root[^}]*--disabled-fg:/)
+    // usages
+    expect(css).toMatch(/:focus-visible\s*{[^}]*outline:2px solid var\(--ring\)/)
+    expect(css).toMatch(/:focus-visible\s*{[^}]*outline-offset:var\(--ring-offset\)/)
+    expect(css).toMatch(/input:disabled,select:disabled,textarea:disabled\s*{[^}]*background:var\(--disabled-bg\)/)
+    expect(css).toMatch(/input\[readonly\],select\[readonly\],textarea\[readonly\]\s*{[^}]*color:var\(--disabled-fg\)/)
+  })
+
+  it('themes define overrides without breaking base var() usage', () => {
+    const out = exportFrame(baseFrame())
+    const css = out.css
+    expect(css).toMatch(/\[data-theme="light"\][^{]*{[^}]*--bg:/)
+    expect(css).toMatch(/\[data-theme="dark"\][^{]*{[^}]*--bg:/)
+    expect(css).toMatch(/\.frame\s*{[^}]*background:var\(--bg\)/)
+  })
+})
diff --git a/tests/e2e/wysiwyg-group-rotate-drag.e2e.ts b/tests/e2e/wysiwyg-group-rotate-drag.e2e.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..65184e0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/e2e/wysiwyg-group-rotate-drag.e2e.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+import { test, expect } from '@playwright/test'
+
+const wysiwygUrl = '/en/wysiwyg'
+
+async function getLefts(page: import('@playwright/test').Page) {
+  const els = page.locator('[data-testid^="obj-text-"]')
+  const count = await els.count()
+  const results: number[] = []
+  for (let i = 0; i < count; i++) {
+    const style = await els.nth(i).evaluate((n) => (n as HTMLElement).style.left || '0')
+    results.push(parseInt(style || '0', 10))
+  }
+  return results
+}
+
+test.describe('WYSIWYG - Group rotate then drag with snap and live region', () => {
+  test('after rotating multiselect, dragging group by 13px snaps to 16px; live region says 선택 2개', async ({ page }) => {
+    await page.goto(wysiwygUrl)
+
+    const canvas = page.getByTestId('wysiwyg-canvas')
+    await expect(canvas).toBeVisible()
+
+    const addText = page.getByRole('button', { name: /^Add Text$/i })
+    await addText.click()
+    await addText.click()
+
+    // Marquee select both
+    const cbox = await canvas.boundingBox()
+    if (!cbox) throw new Error('canvas not found')
+    await page.mouse.move(cbox.x + 40, cbox.y + 40)
+    await page.mouse.down()
+    await page.mouse.move(cbox.x + 260, cbox.y + 160)
+    await page.mouse.up()
+
+    const live = page.getByTestId('aria-live')
+    await expect(live).toContainText(/선택\s*2개/)
+
+    // Rotate ~15deg via rotate handle
+    const rotateHandle = page.locator('[data-testid^="rotate-handle-"]').first()
+    const hbox = await rotateHandle.boundingBox()
+    if (!hbox) throw new Error('rotate handle not found')
+    await page.mouse.move(hbox.x + 5, hbox.y + 5)
+    await page.mouse.down()
+    await page.mouse.move(hbox.x + 40, hbox.y + 5)
+    await expect(live).toContainText(/가이드\s*x=|y=/)
+    await page.mouse.up()
+
+    const before = await getLefts(page)
+
+    // Drag group by ~13px on X; expect grid snap to 16
+    const target = page.locator('[data-testid^="obj-text-"]').nth(1)
+    const tbox = await target.boundingBox()
+    if (!tbox) throw new Error('target not found')
+    await page.mouse.move(tbox.x + 5, tbox.y + 5)
+    await page.mouse.down()
+    await page.mouse.move(tbox.x + 5 + 13, tbox.y + 5)
+    await page.mouse.up()
+
+    const after = await getLefts(page)
+    const dx = after[1] - before[1]
+    expect(dx).toBe(16)
+    expect(after[0] - before[0]).toBe(16)
+  })
+})
diff --git a/tests/e2e/wysiwyg-group-rotate-resize-ns.e2e.ts b/tests/e2e/wysiwyg-group-rotate-resize-ns.e2e.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7b2c3e8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/e2e/wysiwyg-group-rotate-resize-ns.e2e.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,113 @@
+import { test, expect } from '@playwright/test'
+
+const wysiwygUrl = '/en/wysiwyg'
+
+async function getBox(page: import('@playwright/test').Page, nth: number) {
+  const el = page.locator('[data-testid^="obj-text-"]').nth(nth)
+  const left = await el.evaluate((n) => parseInt((n as HTMLElement).style.left || '0', 10))
+  const top = await el.evaluate((n) => parseInt((n as HTMLElement).style.top || '0', 10))
+  const width = await el.evaluate((n) => parseInt((n as HTMLElement).style.width || '0', 10))
+  const height = await el.evaluate((n) => parseInt((n as HTMLElement).style.height || '0', 10))
+  return { left, top, width, height }
+}
+
+function snap8(v: number) { return Math.round(v / 8) * 8 }
+
+test.describe('WYSIWYG - Group rotate then resize (N/S) with snap', () => {
+  test('rotate ~15°, then group resize S by +16 (snap) — heights grow equally, top unchanged', async ({ page }) => {
+    await page.goto(wysiwygUrl)
+    const canvas = page.getByTestId('wysiwyg-canvas')
+    await expect(canvas).toBeVisible()
+
+    const addText = page.getByRole('button', { name: /^Add Text$/i })
+    await addText.click()
+    await addText.click()
+
+    // marquee select both
+    const cbox = await canvas.boundingBox()
+    if (!cbox) throw new Error('canvas not found')
+    await page.mouse.move(cbox.x + 40, cbox.y + 40)
+    await page.mouse.down()
+    await page.mouse.move(cbox.x + 260, cbox.y + 160)
+    await page.mouse.up()
+
+    // rotate to ~15°
+    const rotateHandle = page.locator('[data-testid^="rotate-handle-"]').first()
+    const hbox = await rotateHandle.boundingBox()
+    if (!hbox) throw new Error('rotate handle not found')
+    await page.mouse.move(hbox.x + 5, hbox.y + 5)
+    await page.mouse.down()
+    await page.mouse.move(hbox.x + 40, hbox.y + 5)
+    await page.mouse.up()
+
+    const b0 = await getBox(page, 0)
+    const b1 = await getBox(page, 1)
+
+    // resize south edge of the second by +16px
+    const target = page.locator('[data-testid^="obj-text-"]').nth(1)
+    const tbox = await target.boundingBox()
+    if (!tbox) throw new Error('target not found')
+    await page.mouse.move(tbox.x + 5, tbox.y + tbox.height - 3)
+    await page.mouse.down()
+    await page.mouse.move(tbox.x + 5, tbox.y + tbox.height + 16)
+    await page.mouse.up()
+
+    const a0 = await getBox(page, 0)
+    const a1 = await getBox(page, 1)
+
+    const dh = snap8(b1.height + 16) - b1.height
+    expect(a0.top).toBe(b0.top)
+    expect(a1.top).toBe(b1.top)
+    expect(a0.height).toBe(b0.height + dh)
+    expect(a1.height).toBe(b1.height + dh)
+  })
+
+  test('rotate ~15°, then group resize N by +16 (snap) — heights grow equally, top shifts equally', async ({ page }) => {
+    await page.goto(wysiwygUrl)
+    const canvas = page.getByTestId('wysiwyg-canvas')
+    await expect(canvas).toBeVisible()
+
+    const addText = page.getByRole('button', { name: /^Add Text$/i })
+    await addText.click()
+    await addText.click()
+
+    // marquee select both
+    const cbox = await canvas.boundingBox()
+    if (!cbox) throw new Error('canvas not found')
+    await page.mouse.move(cbox.x + 40, cbox.y + 40)
+    await page.mouse.down()
+    await page.mouse.move(cbox.x + 260, cbox.y + 160)
+    await page.mouse.up()
+
+    // rotate to ~15°
+    const rotateHandle = page.locator('[data-testid^="rotate-handle-"]').first()
+    const hbox = await rotateHandle.boundingBox()
+    if (!hbox) throw new Error('rotate handle not found')
+    await page.mouse.move(hbox.x + 5, hbox.y + 5)
+    await page.mouse.down()
+    await page.mouse.move(hbox.x + 40, hbox.y + 5)
+    await page.mouse.up()
+
+    const b0 = await getBox(page, 0)
+    const b1 = await getBox(page, 1)
+
+    // resize north edge of the first by -16px (drag up)
+    const first = page.locator('[data-testid^="obj-text-"]').first()
+    const fbox = await first.boundingBox()
+    if (!fbox) throw new Error('first not found')
+    await page.mouse.move(fbox.x + 5, fbox.y + 3)
+    await page.mouse.down()
+    await page.mouse.move(fbox.x + 5, fbox.y - 16)
+    await page.mouse.up()
+
+    const a0 = await getBox(page, 0)
+    const a1 = await getBox(page, 1)
+
+    const dh = snap8(b0.height + 16) - b0.height
+    const dy = a0.top - b0.top
+    expect(a0.height).toBe(b0.height + dh)
+    expect(a1.height).toBe(b1.height + dh)
+    expect(dy).toBeLessThanOrEqual(-16)
+    expect(a1.top - b1.top).toBe(dy)
+  })
+})
diff --git a/tests/e2e/wysiwyg-group-rotate-resize.e2e.ts b/tests/e2e/wysiwyg-group-rotate-resize.e2e.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0cbf639
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/e2e/wysiwyg-group-rotate-resize.e2e.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,114 @@
+import { test, expect } from '@playwright/test'
+
+const wysiwygUrl = '/en/wysiwyg'
+
+async function getBox(page: import('@playwright/test').Page, nth: number) {
+  const el = page.locator('[data-testid^="obj-text-"]').nth(nth)
+  const left = await el.evaluate((n) => parseInt((n as HTMLElement).style.left || '0', 10))
+  const top = await el.evaluate((n) => parseInt((n as HTMLElement).style.top || '0', 10))
+  const width = await el.evaluate((n) => parseInt((n as HTMLElement).style.width || '0', 10))
+  const height = await el.evaluate((n) => parseInt((n as HTMLElement).style.height || '0', 10))
+  return { left, top, width, height }
+}
+
+function snap8(v: number) { return Math.round(v / 8) * 8 }
+
+test.describe('WYSIWYG - Group rotate then resize (E/W) with snap', () => {
+  test('rotate ~15°, then group resize E by +16 (snap) — widths grow equally, left unchanged', async ({ page }) => {
+    await page.goto(wysiwygUrl)
+    const canvas = page.getByTestId('wysiwyg-canvas')
+    await expect(canvas).toBeVisible()
+
+    const addText = page.getByRole('button', { name: /^Add Text$/i })
+    await addText.click()
+    await addText.click()
+
+    // marquee select both
+    const cbox = await canvas.boundingBox()
+    if (!cbox) throw new Error('canvas not found')
+    await page.mouse.move(cbox.x + 40, cbox.y + 40)
+    await page.mouse.down()
+    await page.mouse.move(cbox.x + 260, cbox.y + 160)
+    await page.mouse.up()
+
+    // rotate via handle to ~15°
+    const rotateHandle = page.locator('[data-testid^="rotate-handle-"]').first()
+    const hbox = await rotateHandle.boundingBox()
+    if (!hbox) throw new Error('rotate handle not found')
+    await page.mouse.move(hbox.x + 5, hbox.y + 5)
+    await page.mouse.down()
+    await page.mouse.move(hbox.x + 40, hbox.y + 5)
+    await page.mouse.up()
+
+    const b0 = await getBox(page, 0)
+    const b1 = await getBox(page, 1)
+
+    // resize east handle of the second by +16px (should snap to +16)
+    const target = page.locator('[data-testid^="obj-text-"]').nth(1)
+    const tbox = await target.boundingBox()
+    if (!tbox) throw new Error('target not found')
+    await page.mouse.move(tbox.x + tbox.width - 5, tbox.y + 5)
+    await page.mouse.down()
+    await page.mouse.move(tbox.x + tbox.width + 16, tbox.y + 5)
+    await page.mouse.up()
+
+    const a0 = await getBox(page, 0)
+    const a1 = await getBox(page, 1)
+
+    const dw = snap8(b1.width + 16) - b1.width
+    expect(a0.left).toBe(b0.left)
+    expect(a1.left).toBe(b1.left)
+    expect(a0.width).toBe(b0.width + dw)
+    expect(a1.width).toBe(b1.width + dw)
+  })
+
+  test('rotate ~15°, then group resize W by +16 (snap) — widths grow equally, left shifts equally', async ({ page }) => {
+    await page.goto(wysiwygUrl)
+    const canvas = page.getByTestId('wysiwyg-canvas')
+    await expect(canvas).toBeVisible()
+
+    const addText = page.getByRole('button', { name: /^Add Text$/i })
+    await addText.click()
+    await addText.click()
+
+    // marquee select both
+    const cbox = await canvas.boundingBox()
+    if (!cbox) throw new Error('canvas not found')
+    await page.mouse.move(cbox.x + 40, cbox.y + 40)
+    await page.mouse.down()
+    await page.mouse.move(cbox.x + 260, cbox.y + 160)
+    await page.mouse.up()
+
+    // rotate via handle to ~15°
+    const rotateHandle = page.locator('[data-testid^="rotate-handle-"]').first()
+    const hbox = await rotateHandle.boundingBox()
+    if (!hbox) throw new Error('rotate handle not found')
+    await page.mouse.move(hbox.x + 5, hbox.y + 5)
+    await page.mouse.down()
+    await page.mouse.move(hbox.x + 40, hbox.y + 5)
+    await page.mouse.up()
+
+    const b0 = await getBox(page, 0)
+    const b1 = await getBox(page, 1)
+
+    // resize west handle of the first by -16px (drag left)
+    const first = page.locator('[data-testid^="obj-text-"]').first()
+    const fbox = await first.boundingBox()
+    if (!fbox) throw new Error('first not found')
+    await page.mouse.move(fbox.x + 5, fbox.y + 5) // move inside to be safe
+    await page.mouse.move(fbox.x + 2, fbox.y + 5)
+    await page.mouse.down()
+    await page.mouse.move(fbox.x - 16, fbox.y + 5)
+    await page.mouse.up()
+
+    const a0 = await getBox(page, 0)
+    const a1 = await getBox(page, 1)
+
+    const dw = snap8(b0.width + 16) - b0.width
+    const dx = a0.left - b0.left
+    expect(a0.width).toBe(b0.width + dw)
+    expect(a1.width).toBe(b1.width + dw)
+    expect(dx).toBeLessThanOrEqual(-16)
+    expect(a1.left - b1.left).toBe(dx)
+  })
+})
diff --git a/tests/e2e/wysiwyg-guides-rotate-group.e2e.ts b/tests/e2e/wysiwyg-guides-rotate-group.e2e.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6a1209e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/e2e/wysiwyg-guides-rotate-group.e2e.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+import { test, expect } from '@playwright/test'
+
+const wysiwygUrl = '/en/wysiwyg'
+
+test.describe('WYSIWYG - Guides toggle with group rotate + snap + live region', () => {
+  test('guides ON: after multiselect and rotate, dragging snaps and aria-live shows guides + selection', async ({ page }) => {
+    await page.goto(wysiwygUrl)
+
+    const canvas = page.getByTestId('wysiwyg-canvas')
+    await expect(canvas).toBeVisible()
+
+    const addText = page.getByRole('button', { name: /^Add Text$/i })
+    await addText.click()
+    await addText.click()
+
+    // Turn on Guides
+    const guidesBtn = page.getByRole('button', { name: /Guides/i })
+    await guidesBtn.click()
+
+    // Marquee select both
+    const cbox = await canvas.boundingBox()
+    if (!cbox) throw new Error('canvas not found')
+    await page.mouse.move(cbox.x + 40, cbox.y + 40)
+    await page.mouse.down()
+    await page.mouse.move(cbox.x + 260, cbox.y + 160)
+    await page.mouse.up()
+
+    const live = page.getByTestId('aria-live')
+    await expect(live).toContainText(/선택\s*2개/)
+
+    // Rotate ~15deg
+    const rotateHandle = page.locator('[data-testid^="rotate-handle-"]').first()
+    const hbox = await rotateHandle.boundingBox()
+    if (!hbox) throw new Error('rotate handle not found')
+    await page.mouse.move(hbox.x + 5, hbox.y + 5)
+    await page.mouse.down()
+    await page.mouse.move(hbox.x + 40, hbox.y + 5)
+    await expect(live).toContainText(/가이드\s*x=|y=/)
+    await page.mouse.up()
+
+    // Drag group by ~13px on X to verify grid snap still applies with guides
+    const target = page.locator('[data-testid^="obj-text-"]').nth(1)
+    const tbox = await target.boundingBox()
+    if (!tbox) throw new Error('target not found')
+
+    // Read before
+    const leftsBefore = await page.locator('[data-testid^="obj-text-"]').evaluateAll((nodes) => nodes.map(n => parseInt((n as HTMLElement).style.left || '0', 10)))
+
+    await page.mouse.move(tbox.x + 5, tbox.y + 5)
+    await page.mouse.down()
+    await page.mouse.move(tbox.x + 5 + 13, tbox.y + 5)
+    await page.mouse.up()
+
+    const leftsAfter = await page.locator('[data-testid^="obj-text-"]').evaluateAll((nodes) => nodes.map(n => parseInt((n as HTMLElement).style.left || '0', 10)))
+    const dx = leftsAfter[1] - leftsBefore[1]
+    expect(dx).toBe(16)
+    expect(leftsAfter[0] - leftsBefore[0]).toBe(16)
+  })
+})
diff --git a/tests/e2e/wysiwyg-rotate-snap.e2e.ts b/tests/e2e/wysiwyg-rotate-snap.e2e.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8641938
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/e2e/wysiwyg-rotate-snap.e2e.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+import { test, expect } from '@playwright/test'
+
+const wysiwygUrl = '/en/wysiwyg'
+
+async function getBox(page: import('@playwright/test').Page, nth: number) {
+  const el = page.locator('[data-testid^="obj-text-"]').nth(nth)
+  const left = await el.evaluate((n) => parseInt((n as HTMLElement).style.left || '0', 10))
+  const top = await el.evaluate((n) => parseInt((n as HTMLElement).style.top || '0', 10))
+  const width = await el.evaluate((n) => parseInt((n as HTMLElement).style.width || '0', 10))
+  return { left, top, width }
+}
+
+test.describe('WYSIWYG - Rotate then drag snap priority', () => {
+  test('after 15deg rotation, dragging still prefers edge over grid; live region announces guides', async ({ page }) => {
+    await page.goto(wysiwygUrl)
+    const canvas = page.getByTestId('wysiwyg-canvas')
+    await expect(canvas).toBeVisible()
+
+    const addText = page.getByRole('button', { name: /^Add Text$/i })
+    await addText.click()
+    await addText.click()
+
+    const first = page.locator('[data-testid^="obj-text-"]').first()
+    const second = page.locator('[data-testid^="obj-text-"]').nth(1)
+
+    // Select second
+    await second.click()
+
+    // Rotate ~15deg using rotate handle
+    const rotateHandle = page.locator('[data-testid^="rotate-handle-"]').first()
+    const hbox = await rotateHandle.boundingBox()
+    if (!hbox) throw new Error('rotate handle not found')
+    await page.mouse.move(hbox.x + 5, hbox.y + 5)
+    await page.mouse.down()
+    await page.mouse.move(hbox.x + 40, hbox.y + 5)
+    const live = page.getByTestId('aria-live')
+    await expect(live).toContainText(/가이드\s*x=|y=/)
+    await page.mouse.up()
+
+    // Drag rotated second near first's right edge → should still snap by edge priority
+    const b1 = await first.boundingBox()
+    const b2 = await second.boundingBox()
+    if (!b1 || !b2) throw new Error('objects not found')
+    const targetX = b1.x + b1.width - 2
+    await page.mouse.move(b2.x + 5, b2.y + 5)
+    await page.mouse.down()
+    await page.mouse.move(targetX, b2.y + 5)
+    await page.mouse.up()
+
+    const f = await getBox(page, 0)
+    const s = await getBox(page, 1)
+    const expectedLeft = f.left + f.width
+    expect(Math.abs(s.left - expectedLeft)).toBeLessThanOrEqual(1)
+  })
+})
diff --git a/tests/e2e/wysiwyg-snap-priority.e2e.ts b/tests/e2e/wysiwyg-snap-priority.e2e.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..575021b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/e2e/wysiwyg-snap-priority.e2e.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,98 @@
+import { test, expect } from '@playwright/test'
+
+const wysiwygUrl = '/en/wysiwyg'
+
+// Helper to read left/top/width from inline styles
+async function getBox(page: import('@playwright/test').Page, nth: number) {
+  const el = page.locator('[data-testid^="obj-text-"]').nth(nth)
+  const left = await el.evaluate((n) => parseInt((n as HTMLElement).style.left || '0', 10))
+  const top = await el.evaluate((n) => parseInt((n as HTMLElement).style.top || '0', 10))
+  const width = await el.evaluate((n) => parseInt((n as HTMLElement).style.width || '0', 10))
+  return { left, top, width }
+}
+
+test.describe('WYSIWYG - Snap priority (edge > center > grid)', () => {
+  test('dragging near another object prefers edge snap over grid', async ({ page }) => {
+    await page.goto(wysiwygUrl)
+    const canvas = page.getByTestId('wysiwyg-canvas')
+    await expect(canvas).toBeVisible()
+
+    // Add two text objects
+    const addText = page.getByRole('button', { name: /^Add Text$/i })
+    await addText.click()
+    await addText.click()
+
+    // Marquee select the second to get its bbox and then drag it near the first one's right edge
+    const first = page.locator('[data-testid^="obj-text-"]').first()
+    const second = page.locator('[data-testid^="obj-text-"]').nth(1)
+
+    const b1 = await first.boundingBox()
+    const b2 = await second.boundingBox()
+    if (!b1 || !b2) throw new Error('objects not found')
+
+    // Drag second so that its left aligns to first.right (edge snapping scenario)
+    // move handle point from second.x+5 to target x = first.right - 2 (close enough to trigger snap)
+    const targetX = b1.x + b1.width - 2
+    await page.mouse.move(b2.x + 5, b2.y + 5)
+    await page.mouse.down()
+    await page.mouse.move(targetX, b2.y + 5)
+    await page.mouse.up()
+
+    // Read inline left/width to verify alignment: second.left ~= first.left + first.width
+    const s = await getBox(page, 1)
+    const f = await getBox(page, 0)
+    const expectedLeft = f.left + f.width
+    // Allow small tolerance (±1) due to rounding during drag
+    expect(Math.abs(s.left - expectedLeft)).toBeLessThanOrEqual(1)
+  })
+
+  test('dragging near another object prefers center snap over grid', async ({ page }) => {
+    await page.goto(wysiwygUrl)
+    const canvas = page.getByTestId('wysiwyg-canvas')
+    await expect(canvas).toBeVisible()
+
+    const addText = page.getByRole('button', { name: /^Add Text$/i })
+    await addText.click()
+    await addText.click()
+
+    const first = page.locator('[data-testid^="obj-text-"]').first()
+    const second = page.locator('[data-testid^="obj-text-"]').nth(1)
+    const b1 = await first.boundingBox()
+    const b2 = await second.boundingBox()
+    if (!b1 || !b2) throw new Error('objects not found')
+
+    // Target the center alignment: move second so its centerX ~= first.centerX
+    const firstCenterX = b1.x + b1.width / 2
+    await page.mouse.move(b2.x + b2.width / 2, b2.y + 5)
+    await page.mouse.down()
+    await page.mouse.move(firstCenterX, b2.y + 5)
+    await page.mouse.up()
+
+    const f = await getBox(page, 0)
+    const s = await getBox(page, 1)
+    const sCenter = s.left + Math.round((await second.evaluate((n)=>parseInt((n as HTMLElement).style.width||'0',10))) / 2)
+    expect(Math.abs(sCenter - (f.left + f.width / 2))).toBeLessThanOrEqual(1)
+  })
+
+  test('when no nearby objects, grid snapping applies (13px → 16px)', async ({ page }) => {
+    await page.goto(wysiwygUrl)
+    const canvas = page.getByTestId('wysiwyg-canvas')
+    await expect(canvas).toBeVisible()
+
+    const addText = page.getByRole('button', { name: /^Add Text$/i })
+    await addText.click()
+
+    const obj = page.locator('[data-testid^="obj-text-"]').first()
+    const b = await obj.boundingBox()
+    if (!b) throw new Error('object not found')
+
+    const before = await getBox(page, 0)
+    await page.mouse.move(b.x + 5, b.y + 5)
+    await page.mouse.down()
+    await page.mouse.move(b.x + 5 + 13, b.y + 5)
+    await page.mouse.up()
+
+    const after = await getBox(page, 0)
+    expect(after.left - before.left).toBe(16)
+  })
+})